Dialectical Journals Fahrenheit 451 Essay

1. Quote : â€Å"we must build a mirror factory to take a long look at themselves† Device: Symbolism  this remark recalls Montag’s description of Clarisse as a mirror in â€Å"The Hearth and the Salamander.† Mirrors here are symbols of self-understanding, of seeing oneself clearly. 2. Quote: The Hearth and the Salamander Device: Symbolism This Demostrates symbolism because The Hearth and the Salamander, suggests two things having to do with fire, the hearth is a source of warmth and goodness, showing the positive, non-destructive side of fire. Whereas a salamander is a small lizard-like creature is known to come in contact with fire without getting burnt by it. The salamander is symbolizing the Guy Montag, who is being described as a salamander because he works with fire and believes that he can escape the fire and survive. 3. Quote: 451 fahrenheit Device : Foreshadowing Bradubury uses the title fahrenheit 451 as an foreshadowing technique. 451 degrees Fahrenheit is the temperature at which paper ignites, which has to do with the act of bookburning. Bradbury uses that to hint the readers of paper (books) burning. 4. Quote: Device: Foreshawdowng Montag is down at the fire station and the firemen are playing with the new mechanical hound. That hound doesn’t seem to like Montag very much, suggesting that something bad might happen involving that hound. 5. Quote: â€Å"are youre the firemen† Device: Irony Montag is introduced to the reader as a fireman. As the reader we naturally think of firemen as people who put out fires. Bradbury has created the situational irony in this story by having Montag be a fireman who starts fires. He goes into people’s homes and burns their books. He is asked by Clarisse if firemen ever put fires out and he told her that was crazy and it was silly to think that way. Firemen were there to help control the population by burning books. 6. Quote: In our society kmowlegde is power.Everyone try to gain more knowlege and stand out not to conform. Device: Irony  In Montags society, the possesionof more knowlegr than someone else can lead to death. this conveys the theme and underlying message of knowlege vs ignorance.

Fashion Couture

In France, the term haute couture is protected by law and is defined by the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Paris based in Paris, France. The chambre syndicale de la haute couture is defined as â€Å"the regulating commission that determines which fashion houses are eligible to be true haute couture houses†. [4] Their rules state that only â€Å"those companies mentioned on the list drawn up each year by a commission domiciled at the Ministry for Industry are entitled to avail themselves† of the label haute couture. The chambre also deals with piracy of style, foreign relations and coordination of the fashion collection timetables, and do some international advertising for the French fashion industry. The chambre also runs a Paris couture school to teach upcoming designers and technicians the couture trade. The school helps bring new designers to help the couture houses that are still present today. The criteria for haute couture were established in 1945 and updated in 1992. To earn the right to call itself a couture house and to use the term haute couture in its advertising and any other way, members of the Chambre syndicale de la haute couture must follow these rules: Design made-to-order for private clients, with one or more fittings. Have a workshop (atelier) in Paris that employs at least fifteen people full-time. Must have twenty full-time technical people in at least one atelier (workshop). Each season (i. e. twice a year), present a collection to the Paris press, comprising at least thirty-five runs/exits with outfits for both daytime wear and evening wear. However, the term haute couture may have been misused by ready-to-wear brands since the late 1980s, so that its true meaning may have become blurred with that of pret-a-porter (the French term for ready-to-wear fashion) in the public perception. Every haute couture house also markets pret-a-porter collections, which typically deliver a higher return on investment than their custom clothing. ci tation needed] Falling revenues have forced a few couture houses to abandon their less profitable couture division and concentrate solely on the less prestigious pret-a-porter. These houses are no longer considered haute couture. Many top designer fashion houses, such as Chanel, use the word for some of their special collections. These collections are often not for sale or they are very difficult to purchase. Sometimes, â€Å"haute couture† is inappropriately used to label non-dressmaking activities, such as fine art, music and more.

Example of an Ethnolect Based Essay

The speech of an individual is a linguistic map of their identity and an indication of how they would like to be perceived. Migrants who come to Australia already possess the linguistic structures of their mother tongue, and these will affect the way they speak English, forming an ethnolect. Consequently, a person’s language is a clear indicator of their past ethnic origins, and the English they choose to speak will also indicate how they would like others to perceive them. This latter is true for everyone, as we all vary our language according to context. Bill is a young Chinese student who has come to Australia two years ago from China to further his education. His lexical field is wide and varied, he is able to use complex syntactic structures and his accent and prosodic features show a good familiarity with standard Australian English. However, it is still possible to find linguistic features which demonstrates that he is from a Chinese background, that he is male, that he has travelled, can appreciate humour, and that he would like to be perceived as an educated person with further academic goals. The phonological features of a person’s speech are the most obvious signposts to his or her origins or mother tongue. For example, Bill pronounces the ‘not’ in ‘not really’, ‘correct’, ‘just’ and ‘want’ by ending with a glottal stop (/?/), rather than the voiceless consonant (/t/). This occurs as final consonants are much less frequent in Mandarin than in English and thus they are normally dropped or replaced by a glottal stop. This could give linguists a clue on his origins or mother tongue. Bill also values the Australian accent, but there are also traces of American English in his speech, notably his pronunciation of ‘currently’, with the sound ‘ker’ (American) rather than ‘kar’ (Australian). This shows the subtle ways that every experience can affect a person’s identity as Bill has stayed in America for a short period of time, making his English slightly different from another Chinese student that has not had that experience. Local idioms and foreign borrowed words are also used in a non standard way by Bill. An example would be the way he pronounces ‘gourmet’, by analogy; he assumes that all letters are pronounced in English. However, since this word is of French origin, its final‘t’ should not be pronounced. Through the way a subject speaks, we could pinpoint his ethnic group. Although Bill has a wide and varied lexical field, he does not use many idiomatic Australian expressions. This could mean that he is either still a newcomer and has not become familiar with colloquial language, or he may not value these expressions (such as Aussie, veggie, mate†¦etc) as he might view them as low status words. This could show that he wants to be perceived as an educated, cultured person, instead of a rough Aussie. Even though English is not the subject’s mother tongue, he still has a fairy large lexicon, using lexemes such as â€Å"lucrative†, â€Å"environment† and â€Å"gourmet†, this could show that he has been exposed to English even before he migrated to Australia. Bill also uses the word â€Å"reckon† and â€Å"heaps† which shows that he has tried to fit into his peer group and that he has a good grasp of the type of language used by the people around him. A subject’s syntactic structures are another indication of his ethnic origins. The use of modal verbs is sometimes difficult for Chinese learners as there aren’t any tenses in Mandarin, and this is evident in Bill’s speech. For example, in his sentence ‘Basically, I can choose from a lot of country’/ The lack of plural is evident here ( country/countries), but also the verb ‘can’ is used in a non-standard way, it is used in its base form rather than the more accepted past tense, as in ‘I could choose from a lot of countries’. Leaving verbs in their base form is a feature of many Mandarin speakers, as in Mandarin, tenses are indicated by other means†¦. Another syntactic feature is the plural, which is sometimes not formed as shown before. For example, ‘my family member’, ‘at those stage’, ‘a lot of country’ and ‘different background’. Such non-standard usage also pinpoints Bill’s identity as a Chinese speaker as there are no plurals for nouns in Mandarin. Bill’s word order too is sometimes non standard, especially when expressing more complex ideas. For example, ‘aging population faces in Japan’ rather than ‘Japan too faces an aging population’. All these syntactic features contribute to his identity as a young Chinese student still in the process of mastering the English language. A subject’s attitude can also show what kind of speaker he or she would like to be perceived. For example, Bill states that he prefers the Australian accent over the Singaporean accent. This would show that he puts a high value on the Australian English and would like to be perceived as a English speaker From this, it can be seen that many features contribute to a person’s ethnolect, and from it we can deduce the subject’s identity and the way he or she wants to be perceived. Furthermore, migrants who come to Australia know that they must learn English, as ‘Nothing unites a country more than its common language. ‘(John Howard). However, each migrant, such as Bill, brings his own variation of English which is linked to his first mother tongue (in this case Mandarin). In this way, each person contributes to the rich tapestry of sounds, words and syntactic structures which make up Australia's history, culture and identity. ‘

Delta Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Delta - Assignment Example It is clear from the facts provided in the case study that JetBlue and Southwest adapted technology and blended it perfectly with the customer needs. The use of live TV, paperless environment, online ticketing services, effective and use of laptops by the pilots as well as use of routes which were less served by others was some of the key activities performed by these firms to remain profitable and leading airlines in the industry. Pilots were using emails to forward their suggestions whereas the flight maintainece records were being computerized thus making the technology the key part of the overall operations of these airliners. It is however, critical to note that both these firms also actually focused upon meeting customer needs. The CEO of JetBlue used to interact directly with the customers thus offering a firsthand experience of customer expectations and these airliners responded to such expectations by offering customers what they needed. It is relatively difficult for the larger airliners to actually maintain the low cost carriers due to various reasons. Not managing disruptive technology effectively is one of the reasons as to why such larger airliners actually could not keep pace with the more agile and low cost carriers. The complacency of the organizations along with the already established rigid procedures may have further restricted the ability of these firms to actually execute the low cost strategy. These services were operated by already the same people who were also responsible for operating the premium services of the airliners. Bureaucracy, established unions and other organizational factors made it relatively difficult for larger firms to actually capitalize on the opportunities offered by the low cost carriers. Though the airliners industry was deregulated during 1970s however, the presence of the unionized labor actually made it relatively difficult for such firms to focus on reducing the cost and achieve

Should illegal immigrants unlimited access to care and who should be Essay

Should illegal immigrants unlimited access to care and who should be responsible such care - Essay Example Worth noting is the fact that many Americans have access to health care services because of the existing insurance plans. The United States healthcare sector has had to deal with increasing costs of providing health care (Yoshikawa, 2011). Therefore, taxpayers have the conviction that illegal immigrants should not be allowed free access to healthcare in the United States. On the other hand, other people argue that illegal immigrants make a significant contribution to the American economy a factor that entitled them to enjoying some of the benefits such as healthcare services. This paper will highlight the views of Americans regarding this issue. With the increasing numbers of the undocumented number of illegal immigrants into the United States, there has been an increasing pressure on the provision of health care services to such individuals. Many health care institutions have faced the compulsion of providing illegal immigrants with emergency health care services. Worth noting is the fact that emergency health care services seek to save lives and their provision should not depend on whether an individual is legally or illegally in the United States. The Federal Government has set aside a special Medicaid fund whose purpose is to subsidize emergency health care services for illegal immigrants (Newman, 2007). However, the fund can only cater for emergency services and does not provide preventive health care. Some Americans argue that illegal immigrants are getting more than they deserve. However, Americans should recognize that the illegal immigrants contribute to both the micro and macro economics of the United States. With such contributions, they deserve to have access to basic services such as health care and housing. Some schools of thought argue that denying illegal immigrants access to health care services is both impractical and unethical. All individuals living in the

The Odyssey, by Homer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Odyssey, by Homer - Essay Example This is certainly something Telemachus would do later on in the story when he would help Odysseus not only defeat the suitors but also show himself to be a good son. The irony in the passage comes across quite clearly when we realize that Achilles was indeed the mightiest of warriors and essentially had god like qualities of strength and bravery. However, in death he is little more than a weak spirit who is helpless to assist his father or even to know how his son is doing. The finality of death and of losing your abilities which you had once is an allusion to how mortality is perhaps is the ultimate answer to hubris as all living humans, regardless of their strength, abilities or heroics, must die. The external connections of this passage are varied and many since they not only describe the parentage of Achilles, they also discuss his progeny. Achilles is noted by Odysseus to have been quite a hero who was revered as much as the gods themselves. The passage also reminds us that Odysseus has not yet reached home which is the seemingly never-ending quest he is engaged in. Rugged Ithaca eludes him as much as the news about the son of Achilles eludes Achilles. Thus the passage certainly refers to earlier parts of the same tale while pushing the idea that Achilles is an important character in some other story. That story of course is the Iliad which is a part of the greater tale of the Battle of Troy itself. It also shows the great respect that Odysseus had for Achilles since even after his death Odysseus considers Achilles to be a prince amongst the dead. The most moving element of the entire passage is that even though Achilles is dead, he does not want to be so since he has lost all that he had and the realm of the dead has nothing to offer him. Moreover, his lack of information about his lordly son and even his dear father certainly troubles him since he does not know if his father has managed to keep a hold of the empire he had or if he has lost it

The purpose of the study is to observe whether proper methods and Case

The purpose of the is to observe whether proper methods and techniques of Financial Statements preparations are used in Mi - Case Study Example The Board may also pay specific attention to how well management is employing information to feedback about its operations, to propose new strategies and to make decisions. Operating and financial statements of MFI will report on a quarterly / monthly basis, including a set of carefully selected indicators for identifying progress against financial goals of the MFIs social objectives and operations plans. These financial and operating reports should give the top management of MFI an exhaustive and focused portrait of MFIs progress as regards to its triple bottom line. In this study, I will be analysing in detail about whether proper methods and techniques of Financial Statements preparations are used in Microfinance Institutions in order to help the CEOs with data pertinent to day-to-day operations and decision making. (Goldberg & Palladini 30) 2. â€Å"Purpose of the study â€Å" â€Å"The purpose of the study â€Å"is to observe whether proper methods and techniques of Financia l Statements preparations are used in Microfinance Institutions in order to help the CEOs with data pertinent to day-to-day operations and in decision making. Thus, the main aim of this research study is to make recommendations for appropriate financial standards, keeping in mind the professionals in the sector who may be required to have a preface to the implications and the depth of such financial standards. 3. ... This again corroborates that MFI should pay more attention to prepare its financial statements with the above specific requirements well within the time limit. (Ledgerwood & White 313). CAMEL system was first perused by the bank regulators in North America to assess the managerial and financial soundness of the commercial financial institutions in U.S.A. MFI are using the CAMEL appraisal norms and grade five provinces of managerial and financial performance. It includes the following Asset quality Capital Adequacy Management Liquidity management Earnings Employing the original CAMEL’s conceptual framework, â€Å"ACCION international structured its own apprising strategy.† â€Å"The ACCION CAMEL model assesses the analogues five provinces but the ratings and indicators mirror the conditions and challenges of the microfinance industry. â€Å"ACCION CAMEL methodology needs the MFI to offer the following information: Cashflow and budget projections Financial statements pr epared in accordance with GAAP Portfolio aging schedules Funding sources Operations and staffing Microeconomic data With the above information from the financial statements of MFI, the ACCION CAMEL makes the following fine-tuning: 1) loan write-offs, 2) loan loss provision 3) Impacts of inflation 4) explicit and implicit studies 5) accrued interest income . Further, it rates and analyses twenty-one major pointers with every pointer accorded with a separate weighting. (Goldberg & Palladini: 13). Management Information System (MIS) is one another area that is required to be fortified in the microfinance sector and Information Technology can make a huge difference in this province. Now, there are available IT solutions,

The Effect of Music on Behavior and Health Essay

The Effect of Music on Behavior and Health - Essay Example Music, a composition of rhythm, melody and harmony has been an important part of the human life for ages. Starting from the earliest civilizations, when bone flutes and jaw harps were used as instruments to the present day when guitars, violin and piano have replaced them. Music has been considered as a mode of communication in all the civilizations. The message of one man can be conveyed to many in a rather persuasive way with the help of music. People are more inclined to listen and follow if something is conveyed through music. Preachers from different religions have found this mode of communication very helpful and it has been very successful too. Though music too has changed with time just ever other thing we know but its importance and effects on human mind and body remains the same. The use of music as an inexpensive, nonpenetrating and pleasant medicine is not new. A fivefold decrease in the anxiety and stress of the patients was observed after a mere music therapy of 30 minu tes. The use of music in reducing anxiety in patients of different mental disorders like schizophrenia and dementia has been found to be very useful. Music is said to have a power which can energize the human body and mind. Music is supposed to enhance the self healing mechanisms of the body providing comfort and relaxation. Music has been used recently in the cognitive development of children. Norton et al. in 2006 indicated the significant development of the brain of the children who had been to music class or got some type of music training

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben Essay

Global Warming's Terrifying new Math By Bill McKibben - Essay Example Global warming has caused significant changes in climate patterns as it cause the earth’s temperature to rise above the normal, which is detrimental to the ecosystem. Humans are solely responsible for global warming as they engage in activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, and this emits carbon, which cause global warming (McKibben). Efforts to curb global warming have failed, and this is because industrialization has resulted to use of carbon dioxide and the emissions have continued to increase over time. The situation has been made worse because developing countries are trying to emulate the west by becoming industrialized, and this further increases the emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. To reduce the carbon print, many countries have come up with policies that aim at reducing emission of carbon dioxide but the efforts have failed. Petroleum companies have been blamed for the big emissions of carbon dioxide they cause as the industry is profitable and imp osing regulations on them would reduce the incomes of countries. To protect the ecosystem from the adverse effects of global warming people all over the world and political leaders and environmentalists need to collaborate and advocate for people to reduce their carbon print so that the environment remains sustainable for future

Health Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Health Economics - Essay Example The healthcare system consists of all the people and the action they undertake, whose primary effort is to improve citizens’ health of a particular state. The potential scope of a healthcare system may include the public and private sectors as well as a spectrum of providers as well as funders who may improve health. A full range of organizational form is more likely to be visible in a developed world healthcare delivery system (Aspalter, Uchida & Gauld, 2012, p.2). Modern healthcare systems are not all about delivering personal healthcare. The institutions that govern the provision of healthcare are concerned with mechanisms in which the individuals can access healthcare such as the earned insurance settlements and the social citizenship. They are also concerned with the mechanisms responsible for deciding the amount of resources allocated to financing the provision of health care services such as setting regulatory frameworks as well as governing via public management. Institutions governing the provision of healthcare include mechanisms for regulating hospitals such as a mix of differently owned hospitals and the amount of public regulation as well as regulation of doctors. This is especially different forms of private interest government (Giarelli, 2010). This is a reflection of the centrality of hospitals and doctors when it comes to the provision of healthcare (Giarelli, 2010, p.189). All the modern healthcare systems face common challenges. These challenges are due to globalization, rapid technological advancements, medical progress and changes in demography. Consequently, these systems have no option but to change the organization in the way they it is governed and provide healthcare (Walshe & Smith, 2011, p.145). The health care system in the UK initially followed an insurance health model introduced in 1911 by Lloyd George (Walshe & Smith, 2011). At the time, many systems covered only the industrial workers and

Research has been done to determine Essay Example for Free

Research has been done to determine Essay A lot of research has been done to determine whether short-term memory works better in the morning or afternoon. In a study, 16-18-year-olds (sixth form students of Battersea park school) were administered to take part in a word test to assess their short-term memory. Results of this were analyzed. Null Hypothesis: learning in the morning is more effective Alternative hypothesis: learning in the afternoon is more effective. Introduction To learn new things, to store experiences and to adapt to new circumstances these characteristics of the brain enable us the daily survival . This special flexibility of the brain is reached through constant making and breaking contact between nerve cells. Whenever we learn something, the connections between nerve cells, (synapses) change. At this point, the Axon of a nerve cell and the Dendrite of the neighbouring cell meet. The centre for brain research of the medical University of Vienna is currently involved in two researches that contribute to the clarification of the processes in memory. They had tested the article (of researchers at the Harvard Medical School), which is called a key experiment. It was found that a Micro RNA and the accompanying messenger RNA exist at the contact point of synapses. What are Micro- and messenger RNA? It is a different form of the Ribonucleic acid. As a messenger RNA (mRNA), one is already more familiar with for a long time: It functions as a messenger, transports a message of the DNA often, but not always from a gene out of the cell nucleus into the cytoplasm. There the message is translated often, but not always into a protein. One knows micro RNAs for the least in time: They consist only of 21 bases respectively, and they are not translated into proteins. They rather check an mRNA in that they cause or prevent that the mRNA is translated into a protein. So they are regulators. For example just at a synapse, as long as there a micro RNA on a certain mRNA, it is not translated into a protein. If the micro RNA falls away, the protein emerges and the synapse changes its form and also the signal forwarding. In other words we can say that the nerve cell learned something. In the journal of Cell Biology (172, p. 221) Kiebler describes a second factor that is necessary, with a synapse function: Staufen 2: That is a protein that is responsible for the carrying of mRNA along the cell skeleton to the synapse. It brings RNAs to where they are needed. Neurons which are missing the protein Staufen2 have less synapses, and the signal transmission between them is disturbed. An important notice on that, is that Staufen 2 for the education of functioning Synapses is crucial, says Kiebler ( researcher). If what we have learned is forgotten, long-term connections become out of contact of the connection points. German Neurobiologist worked on the correlation between the outgrowing of the connections of cells, the so-called thorns and the building of functioning synapses. In order to be able to follow the outgrowing of thorns, the cells in the near surrounding area of the stimuli were observed using a high resolution two-Photon-microscope. An electron microscope was used in order to review whether the variations in the nerve cells actually led to the origin of new synapses. Within few minutes after the current impulse, the encouraged nerve cells opened the gate to a new discovery. These thin thorns do not grow spontaneously (as they thought), but rather grow towards possible contact partners. Within the first eight hours no piece of information can be exchanged between the newly emerged cell contacts. Not until the following hours it is decides whether a connection remains exist or disappears. For sure, those contacts, that are still available after 24 hours, have fully functioning synapses which can transfer information and have a good chance to exist after several days. Then the reconstruction in the brain is locked evidently. Which parts of the brain remember which type of memory?

Virtual Leader Essay Example for Free

Virtual Leader Essay According to the book, management is the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and ethically, as well as effectively. Before we started to learn the class material and before the Virtual Leader simulation began, I thought that managing others would not be too difficult. I mainly thought that with authority came power, but as we learned in class this is not the case. My initial perception was that employees under managers would comply with their manager’s requests without much hesitation since the manager would automatically have reward, coercive, and legitimate power. The Virtual Leader scenario was quite a learning experience as I was not too good at it to begin with. Beginning with scenario 1, I struggled getting Oli to accomplish the tasks that I wanted him to do. Even though I (Corey) was new to the company, I thought that I could get my ideas passed more easily since I was Oli’s manager. My pure authority over him was not enough to convince him easily. At the beginning of the simulation, Oli is noticeably overqualified and underpaid for his position and is showing little respect for his new manager. I learned after running the simulation multiple times that you have to â€Å"give and take† with Oli. If you support his ideas and encourage him, then he is more likely to support your ideas. You also have to keep him under control and negatively influence him if he was encouraging wrong ideas. As I did the next scenarios, I tried to apply original leadership style of using my authority to try and push my ideas through. Again, this was unsuccessful. As the scenarios continued and I (Corey) was no longer the highest position, my overpowering approach again proved to be the wrong approach. For example, I could not exercise my legitimate power in scenario 3 with Herman and Will because they were both superior to me in terms of position. I had to adjust my style as I did in scenario 1, and gain support from others by supporting them. These adjustments of my leadership style according to the situation is an example of the contingency leadership approach that we learned about in class. I especially had to change my leadership behavior in scenario 4 because I had the least amount of authority in the meeting. I had to take more of a back seat and wait for the other 3 members to bring up different ideas, support others’ ideas so I could gain their support, and then finally push my ideas such as â€Å"Keep Nortic Vendors†. My original assumptions of legitimate power is all a leader needs and that the best way to accomplish a task or an idea is to just keep pushing it without listening and supporting others is what made it difficult for me to achieve high scores relatively quickly. After analyzing my flaws and realizing what I was doing wrong, it made me realize that I should have been using the exact same leadership style that my former employer and CEO of The Motley Fool implements. As I noticed while sitting in during a meeting last summer, he did not do much of the talking. He would merely listen to and support others’ ideas that he liked and then propose his ideas once the time was right. Even once he proposed the ideas he would let other members in the meeting discuss his ideas first to get a sense of others’ opinions on it, and would then elaborate. If I had to guess, he would be brilliant at Virtual Leader. Virtual Leader really made me realize that leadership is more of a â€Å"give and take† relationship between the manager and his/her employees instead of an overpowering relationship. Employees do not want to be bullied and told what to do all the time, they want a leader who can encourage them and ultimately steer the company in the right direction, no matter where the ideas come from.

Understanding consumer behaviour attitudes towards advertising

Understanding consumer behaviour attitudes towards advertising Total 2010 UK advertising expenditure amounted to 14.5 billion. Of this, more than 80 per cent was spent on display advertising in the press, broadcast, print and outdoor media. (Source: The Advertising Association) Under the current circumstances, advertising represents one of the major sectors in the economy with millions of workers worldwide. The efficiency of functioning of the economy in general, to a considerable degree, depends on that sector. Advertising accompanies competition between companies and is an essential attribute of the market economy. 1.2 Background Companies need to understand consumer behaviour in order to find the best way on how to shift demand of products in their favour. When companies are able to discover the reasons why consumers make particular purchasing decisions, they can adapt their marketing efforts to better suit the needs of the consumers. Understanding consumer behaviour may result in increased sale and improved profit performance of the organization. Classical microeconomic theories of consumer behaviour have focused on the principles of rational consumer behaviour, which suggests that consumers choice is primarily a matter of personal preferences, whereas utility theory of consumer behaviour maintains that consumer choices reflect their attempt to secure maximum usefulness from their financial resources. Citation! While classical theories still apply in contemporary western societies, the role of mass media, internet and various aspect of modern culture may have fundamentally changed many elements in the understanding of consumer behaviour. Also marketing opportunities available in the digital information age have altered the way how consumer choice is being shaped and used for profit. Advertising is perhaps the first thing that people think about when considering marketing. Companies must do more than make good products they must inform consumers about product benefits and carefully position products in consumers minds. To do this, they must skilfully use the mass-promotion tools of advertising. Advertising strategy consists of two major elements: creating advertising messages and selecting advertising media. Media planners consider many factors when making their media choices. The media habits of target consumers will affect media choice advertisers look for media that reach target consumers effectively. Target audiences are set to focus on different groups: adults, teens, pre-schoolers and other groups. It is essential to become familiar the target market, their habits, behaviours and attitude to advertising in general. It is known that student youth is less conservative in their views and decisions, comparing to others age and social groups. 1.3 Research Aims and Rationale Based on the above information, the main aim of the research is to investigate the extent to which the purchasing decisions of students in the UK are influenced by the advertisement campaigns. During the preparation of the current research paper a questionnaire was carried out among Queen Marys students, which aimed to study their attitude to advertising. Survey sample covered opinions of 20 young people between the ages of 21-24, that is students in their last years of studies. The choice of the audience was not random. The survey had a probing character and could not represent the aggregate of the student youth population or even more general adult audience with statistical precision. However it offers a clear representation of dominating tendencies in preferences and opinions of the chosen audience, which is the main aim of mass advertising. 1.4 Outline of the Project Chapter 2: Literature review Advertising is an important means by which economic enterprises communicate with both their current and potential customers. It is often said that to be effective an advertisement must be read, understood, believed, remembered and acted upon (Adcock, Halborg, Ross, 2001) There are five principal ways in which a company can communicate with its markets: Media advertising (commercial television and radio, the press, posters, cinema and direct mail/internet) Public relations activities Selling Merchandising Packaging (Chisnal, 2001) These promotional activities are at the heart of effective marketing strategies. According to Adcock, Halborg, Ross, (2001) advertising strategy consists of two major elements: creating advertising messages and selecting advertising media. The major steps in media selection are: deciding on reach, frequency and impact; choosing among major media types; selecting specific media vehicles; and deciding on media timing. The current research paper is concerned with determining an appropriate media type (medium) which better suits habits and preferences of the observed population. Media planners consider many factors when making their media choices. The media habits of target consumers will affect media choice advertisers look for media that reach target consumers effectively (Kotler, Armstrong, 1997). For example fashions are best advertised in colour magazines and daily newspapers are a first consideration in advertising real estate. Different types of messages may require different media. Cost is another major factor in media choice. Whereas television is very expensive, for example, newspaper advertising costs much less. Setting the advertising budget is a complex task. Some critics charge that large consumer packaged-goods firms tend to spend too much on advertising, and industrial companies generally underspend on advertising. They claim that the large consumer companies use lots of image advertising without really knowing its effects. They overspend as a form of insurance against not spending enough. (Kotler, Armstrong, 1997) For a long time, television and magazines have dominated in the media mixes of advertisers with other media being neglected (Jobber, 1995). Recently, however, costs of these media have gone up and audiences have dropped. Advertisers are now increasingly turning to alternative media, such as outdoor advertising or internet. The question that concerns companies remains the same: how much advertising spending really has on consumer buying and branding royalty? In order to answer it media impact must be re-examined regularly. As summarized in the table the major media types are newspapers, television, radio, magazines, and outdoor. It is important to list advantages and limitations of mediums, as they will prove to be guidelines in the interpretation of the observed results. Medium Advantages Limitations Newspapers Flexibility; timeliness; good local market coverage; high believability Short life; small pass-long audience Television Good mass market coverage; combines sight, sound, and motion; appealing to the senses High absolute costs; high clutter; fleeting exposure; Less audience selectivity Radio Good local; acceptance, high geographic and demographic selectivity; low cost Audio only, fleeting exposure; low attention; fragmented audiences Magazines High geographic and demographic selectivity; credibility and prestige; long life and good pass-along readership Long ad purchase lead time; high cost; no guarantee of position Outdoor Flexibility; High repeat exposure; low cost; low message competition; good positional selectivity Little audience selectivity; creative limitations Chapter 3: Research Method and Procedure 3.1 Introduction This chapter reviews the research methods which were used in this project. It is necessary for a researcher to choose a suitable method for the problem. To get a full picture a blend of qualitative and quantative research analysis is recommended. This research will take the following procedure: define the research objectives, develop research approach, analyse results and make a conclusion. 3.2 Research Objectives. This research takes into consideration three main objectives. Firstly, to determine respondents attitudes to advertising in general. Secondly, to identify students preferences among different types of media. The final objective of a survey is concerned with evaluating the influence of advertisement campaigns on the purchasing decisions of students in the UK. 3.3 Research Approach and Instruments. There are several methods of collecting data for research. In the current paper the primary data was collected for the first time using questionnaires. This method has proved to be efficient way in getting both quantative and qualitative data. The questionnaire (Appendix 1) incorporated both main types of questions which are commonly used in surveys: open-ended questions and closed questions. Open questions are interesting because of the spontaneity and individual flavour of the replies, but frequently it is difficult to compress free answers into limited number of codings. Findings in closed questions provided the research with statistical evidence, whereas open questions gave to the research depth and range of information. Interviewer was recording all answers verbatim because there is always a danger of interviewer bias through inaccurate recording. 3.4 Reasons for specific questions In giving an answer to the question 1: What is your attitude to advertising in general? respondents had a considerable freedom in phrasing an answer, which may be lengthy and detailed, and in his or her own words. In the question 3 respondents were able to choose from a range of possible answers. The simple follow up question invited to give a more detailed explanation on the subject. Questions 4 to 6 were closed type questions, which call strictly limited responses. The respondents were offered a choice of alternative replies from which he or she was expected to select an answer corresponding to his or her personal views on a particular subject. The research used simple alternative questions: YES/NO. 3.5 Summary The results of this process will appear in the next chapter. Chapter 4: Results 4.1 Introduction The project sought to examine media popularity among students and find out to what extent advertising influences their purchasing decisions. To achieve the research projects aim and rationale, a questionnaire was utilized as stated in the previous chapter. The following section will present and analyse results of this survey. 4.2 Findings. Part 1 As shown in Diagram 1, the vast majority of respondents prefer television, whereas magazines took the second place. The results indicate that the Internet is the third popular media, while newspaper and outdoor advertising share the fourth place. Percentages indicate the proportion of votes students gave to a specific media out of total votes. For instance out of total 37 only 1 vote was given to advertising on the radio. Popularity of television was not a surprise as it combines sight, sound and motion. It was described by respondents as the most effective and the best medium for advertising. It advantage lies in broad mass market coverage. Magazines appeal to students for its credibility and prestige; long life and good pass-along readership. Students explained that it is good for fashion, and pictures of movie stars make it attracting. Outdoor media was described the most creative and eye catching. It is interesting to note that on the contrary (Author) mentioned little creativity as a negative side of this type of media. Newspapers appeal for its timeliness and high believability. It is popular among those respondents who spend a lot of time travelling. Internet advertising is relatively new media type however number of its admirers grows. It can be explained with growing popularity of online shopping. Another advantage is that it has no time limitation and can be viewed day and night. However spam is often mentioned as its negative point. Radio came last, probably due to its disadvantages: audio only, fleeting exposure and low attention. Not the least of the factors was that most of the students live in halls of residence, which lack radio equipment. 4.2 Finding. Part 2 Bar Chart 1 shows responses to questions. The bar chart clearly shows students opinions on specific subjects. Majority of students have positive attitude to advertising and commonly cite its informative function, in other words in creates awareness. Some students see the artistic value in some commercials. Advertising creates awareness, so no wonder that majority prefers advertised product over unadvertised. However there is a strong opinion that quality products do not need advertising. There have been quite a few commercials that state that product of their company is better than competitors product. The results show that vast majority do not believe those commercials. It might be a good idea for companies not to employ such advertising strategies. Just more than a half of respondent believe that commercials help them to make a better purchase. Consumers are better off when exposed to some information about the product before buying it. However 45% prefer to do their own research about the product. Answers to the question 7 clearly show the power of advertising. 85% of students wanted to try something just because they saw its commercial. Most respondents were curious and wanted try it to see whether it was as good as commercial said it to be. It is important to note that 70% respondents sing songs from commercials. This may prove as an indicator for companies adding a catchy tune to a commercial can increase sales. Chapter 5: Conclusion 5.1 Introduction This chapter will summarize findings of this research project, highlight some of the interesting findings, offer practical implications, cite limitations of this project and give suggestions for further research. Summary of Findings and Interesting Findings The purpose of the current study was to identify an advertising media with a largest exposure and find out the effect it has on its target audience. Results were analysed in the previous chapter. Practical implications of this research were also considered. Identifying and understanding target audience is important. The evidence from this study suggests that the television as an advertising medium appealed to the majority of respondents. Magazines and the Internet took the second and the third place respectively. It may help companies to better allocate their advertising space. Students have positive attitude towards advertising in general because it carries an informative function and creates awareness. The results indicate that majority of students prefer advertised products over unadvertised products and believe that commercials help them to make a better purchase. Vast majority wanted to try something just because they saw it in a commercial. Some interesting results were found. An advertising strategy when a company positions their products superior to competitors products proved ineffective as only few students trusted such commercials. Another implication possibility from this study is that commercials with songs appeal to consumers. Companies may consider using this strategy to their advantage. Limitations of the Research The current study was limited for the size of the sample and imbalance concerning the students country of origin. Because all of the respondents who responded within this project were international students, the findings do not necessarily reflect the habits and opinions of all students. This is important since an advertising usually targets the values of the western societies and different cultures may have different attitudes towards advertising. Therefore, it would be important to conduct further research in this area of media influence and involve more respondents from western-culture countries. Recommendations for further studies This research has raised many questions in need of investigation. The designed questions were not perfect so some other aspects may be needed to investigate what contributes to making a purchase decision. Some factors examined in this research influence consumers but not necessarily mean that they will make an actual purchase. For example, further research may investigate what advertising strategies such as verbal or visual elements appeal to consumers. Endnote This project has been concerned with advertisings influence on students purchasing decisions and the research indicates that choosing the correct advertising strategy is a crucial element in an effective marketing strategy.

Magical Realism in House of the Spirits vs. Realism in Madame Bovary Es

Through the application of Realism, Gustave Flaubert demonstrates Emma’s detachment of the death of the characters in Madame Bovary, which contrasts to Isabel Allende’s demonstration of Clara’s attachment to the death of the characters in The House of the Spirits by utilizing Magical Realism. In The House of the Spirits, the characters all share a spiritual bond, which leads to emotional and spiritual connections for Clara during the death of the characters. On the contrary, in Madame Bovary, Emma Bovary depicts a realistic and natural character in society which portrays her selfishness, lack of emotions, and overall detachment towards the death of the others. Both of these connections are demonstrated through Realism and Magical Realism. The author stylistically ascribes negative personality traits prior to the death of a character. These negative characteristics portray the character as corrupt. In the text, Homais furiously mentions, â€Å"You[Justin] are on a downward path†(Flaubert 231). The textual evidence indirectly describes the flaws of Emma. The excuse of Justin committing a crime and Emma’s presence â€Å"coincidentally† in the text or purposely by Flaubert exemplifies reality. Furthermore, the blind beggar mentions, â€Å"Dream of love and of love always,† before the death of Emma (Flaubert 300). In the text, the blind beggar is singing a song, although the song implies traits of Emma. Emma always desires and dreams of love which provides the purpose for the song and demonstrates her not being satisfied with the love Charles provides for her. Additionally, Flaubert mentions, â€Å"Charles was suffocating like a youth beneath the vague love influences that filled his aching he art,† (321) which implies that he still loves Emma dearly. Th... ...onnected due to the fact that ‘I slept badly and dreamt again of Rosa† (Allende 203). The diction of â€Å"again† in the text proves that thinking of Rosa occurs multiple times and that her spirit is connected with him. Additionally, Barrabas reappears multiple times, for example: â€Å"It was the last, ignominious vestige of faithful Barrabas† (Allende 269). Although Barrabas died many centuries ago, he is encountered with Blanca and Alba. He displays the most spiritual reconnection with the characters through detail more than any of the other characters throughout the novel. Allende’s House of the Spirits demonstrate emotional connections and remembrances amongst Clara and the characters through the application of Magical Realism which contrasts to Flaubert’s Madame Bovary which demonstrates Emma’s characterization and lack of emotion towards the death of the characters.

A Room With A View by E.M. Forster and The Remains of the Day by Tovah

A Room With A View by E.M. Forster and The Remains of the Day by Tovah Martin 'A Room with a View' and 'The Remains of the Day' are two novels which involve journeys of physical and spiritual discovery. The main characters of the stories are dissimilar in gender, age and social status but both experience situations and encounters which challenge their perspectives and personal values. The authors of these books have both included references to nature and landscape to emphasize, mirror and reinforce the reactions and emotions of their characters. They have also used nature and landscape to highlight key events. 'A Room with a View' was written in 1908 and the opening chapters are set in Florence, Italy, a vibrant country, where the high temperatures and natural beauty can stir the emotions. Lucy Honeychurch, chaperoned by her spinster cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, is on a grand tour, and struggles to understand the unfamiliar emotions which are stirring within her. 'Lucy's rebellious thoughts swept out in words - for the first time in her life.' Suppressed emotions are released and she discovers a maturity, independence and strength of character which allow her to analyse and perceive individuals in a new light. She has the audacity to challenge Mr Eager, who finds it 'intolerable that she should disbelieve him.' Lucy and Charlotte face initial disappointment with the views from their rooms. They had been promised 'south rooms with a view' but had north rooms overlooking a courtyard. This dull, uninteresting outlook reflects Lucy's upbringing in rural England, where she has restricted freedom and a limited stimulation in a climate inclined to be damp and cloudy. This contrasts with her expectations for ... ...d leaving the reader with clear, reflective images of a bygone era in an English landscape which still exists. 'A Room with a View' has more dramatic contrasts and energy. The story begins in Italy and the descriptions are strong and powerful, reflecting the events and emotions which develop in the characters. The feelings of the people are passionate and full of vitality and the landscape and nature vividly echo and illustrate what is happening. England is changeable and blustery, gloomy and grey, illuminated by flashes of brilliance and beauty. The atmosphere contrasts with Italy as the plot changes pace and people re-evaluate and alter their course. This book contains romantic illusions to pastoral subjects and makes use of nature to support events and feelings, which brings the book to life and provides excitement and entertainment for the reader. A Room With A View by E.M. Forster and The Remains of the Day by Tovah A Room With A View by E.M. Forster and The Remains of the Day by Tovah Martin 'A Room with a View' and 'The Remains of the Day' are two novels which involve journeys of physical and spiritual discovery. The main characters of the stories are dissimilar in gender, age and social status but both experience situations and encounters which challenge their perspectives and personal values. The authors of these books have both included references to nature and landscape to emphasize, mirror and reinforce the reactions and emotions of their characters. They have also used nature and landscape to highlight key events. 'A Room with a View' was written in 1908 and the opening chapters are set in Florence, Italy, a vibrant country, where the high temperatures and natural beauty can stir the emotions. Lucy Honeychurch, chaperoned by her spinster cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, is on a grand tour, and struggles to understand the unfamiliar emotions which are stirring within her. 'Lucy's rebellious thoughts swept out in words - for the first time in her life.' Suppressed emotions are released and she discovers a maturity, independence and strength of character which allow her to analyse and perceive individuals in a new light. She has the audacity to challenge Mr Eager, who finds it 'intolerable that she should disbelieve him.' Lucy and Charlotte face initial disappointment with the views from their rooms. They had been promised 'south rooms with a view' but had north rooms overlooking a courtyard. This dull, uninteresting outlook reflects Lucy's upbringing in rural England, where she has restricted freedom and a limited stimulation in a climate inclined to be damp and cloudy. This contrasts with her expectations for ... ...d leaving the reader with clear, reflective images of a bygone era in an English landscape which still exists. 'A Room with a View' has more dramatic contrasts and energy. The story begins in Italy and the descriptions are strong and powerful, reflecting the events and emotions which develop in the characters. The feelings of the people are passionate and full of vitality and the landscape and nature vividly echo and illustrate what is happening. England is changeable and blustery, gloomy and grey, illuminated by flashes of brilliance and beauty. The atmosphere contrasts with Italy as the plot changes pace and people re-evaluate and alter their course. This book contains romantic illusions to pastoral subjects and makes use of nature to support events and feelings, which brings the book to life and provides excitement and entertainment for the reader.

Much Ado About Nothing By Shakespeare Essay -- Papers

Much Ado About Nothing By Shakespeare Shakespeare’s attitude toward courtship and romance combines mature suspicion with an awareness that the social realities surrounding courtship may detract from the fun of romance. The need to marry for social superiority and to ensure inheritance, complicates romantic relationships. Although this play is a comedy ending in multiple marriages and is full of witty dialogue making for many comic moments, it also addresses more serious events, including some that border on tragedy. The personalities of Beatrice and Hero vary greatly, leading them in opposite directions with their relationships, with Beatrice headed towards a good relationship and Hero towards a bad one. The conditions under which Beatrice's and Hero's marriages occur are the effect of their personal beliefs, which relate to their personalities. Beatrice's view on the circumstances under which marriage should occur revolve around the fact that true love must be present. This is shown when Beatrice says, â€Å"With a good leg and a good foot, uncle, and money enough in his purse, such a man would win any woman in the world, if I could get her good will.† (2.1.14-17) Here, she is saying that a man can possess all these qualities, but he can only have a woman is he can get her to love him. Beatrice believes in the principle of true love because she wants her husband to be faithful to her. This is obvious during a conversation between her and her father Antonio: Antonio: In faith, she's too curst. Beatrice: Too curst is more than curst: I shall lessen God's sending that way, for it is said, "God sends a curst cow short horns"; but... ..., leading them in opposite directions with their relationships, with Beatrice headed towards a good relationship and Hero towards a bad one. The circumstances under which their marriages occur, their statuses in their relationships, and the ways their relationships started all play a significant role in the probable outcomes of their relationships. Beatrice's belief in marriage only under the principle of true love, her authoritative status in the relationship, and the plot in which she discovers her true feelings for Benedick all work together to help her have a better relationship. Hero's contrasting beliefs of getting married only in order to uphold family honor, her secondary status in the relationship and her arranged relationship with Claudio lead her in the opposite direction than Beatrice with her relationship.

Appiah Notes on “Identity, Authenticity, Survival”

SLIDE 2- QUESTIONS OF RECOGNITION ?APPIAH quotes CHARLES TAYLOR, asserting that modern social and political life and very much based off of questions of recognition. oIn our liberal society, we see recognition as a method to acknowledge individuals and what we perceive to be their identities oWe have a notion from â€Å"ethics of authenticity† that people have the right to be acknowledged publically as what they already really are oWe deny people rights when society tells people to hide something about themselves and pretend to be something their not, such as being Jewish or gay. Discussion on recognition conflicts with the idea of an individuals authenticity and identity. oâ€Å"If what matters is my individual and authentic self, why is so much contemporary talk of identity about large categories- gender, ethnicity, nationality, race, sexuality- which seem so far from the individual. † (149) othere is a disconnect between using collective language such as this and the movement for an individual to have a â€Å"modern notion of the self† SLIDE 3-RUBRIC OF IDENTITY APPIAHT maintains TAYLOR’s defense to this phenomenon, and throughout this essay discusses features of TAYLOR’s story under three crucial rubrics- identity, authenticity, and survival. ?Identities whose recognition TAYLOR discusses are what we call collective social identities, such as religion, gender, ethnicity, race, and sexuality. APPIAHT says these identities somewhat heterogeneous or diverse because they matter differently to people who subscribe to them in different ways, but these are the major collective identities that demand recognition in North America. oHe uses the example of religion or of sexuality- both of which he says matter different to different people and are experienced in different ways at various stages of life. Connection between a persons individual identity, which is the focus of TAYLORS discussion, and these collective identities: each pe rsons identitiy is seen as having two major dimensions. †¢There is a collective dimension- intersection of collective identities †¢Also a personal dimension- consisting of other socially or morally important features, such as charm, intelligence, wit, that are not the basis of forms of collective identity (people who have these identities don’t form a social group) SLIDE 4- RUBRIC OF AUTHENTICITY Uses this rubric to acknowledge the importance and connection between the two personal and collective identities oUses quote of TAYLOR to show the â€Å"ideal of authenticity†, â€Å"there is a certain way of being that is my way. I am called upon to live my life in this way.. if I am not true to myself, I miss the point of my life. oTAYLOR justifies the politics of recognition, maintaining the oppositional aspects to authenticity that would complicate the picture because it focuses too sharply on the difference between the two levels of authenticity that the contem porary politics of recognition combine oAPPHIAT says TAYLOR/ HERDERs way of framing the issue doesn’t pay enough attention to the connection between the originality of people and nations> today the individual identity, which screams out for recognition, is likely to have what HERDER would have seen as a national identity as a component of its collective dimension. APPHIAT says being an African American is part of the authentic self he seeks to express. It is partly because he wants to express his self that he seeks recognition of an African American identity. †¢Conflicts with TRILLING in this context because recognition as an African American means social acknowledgement of that collective identity, which requires both recognizing its existence and actually demonstrating respect for it.If in seeing himself as African American, APPHIAT resists white norms, mainstream American conventions, the racism of white culture, why would he ever seek recognition from others who are white? oIrony in the ways in which this â€Å"bohemian ideal† leads authenticity to require us to reject many components of our society. oSecondly, another problem with the bohemian ideal has components of errors of philosophical anthropology. †¢It fails to see what TAYLOR recognizes as the way in which the self is dialogically constituted. Rhetoric of authenticity suggests not only that you have a way of being that is all your own, but in that developing it, you must fight against the family, organized religion, society, the school, and the state- all of the forces of convention> this point is wrong in that: †¢It is in dialogue with others understandings of who you are that develops a concept of your own identity, but also because identity is created through concepts and practices made available to a person by religion, society, school, family and the state. Dialogue shapes the identity a person develops as they grow up and what TAYLOR calls â€Å"language in a br oad sense† oOverall, APPHIAT claims that in every identity, there is a broader context that allows for a space in the other. He claims for example, African American identity is centrally shaped by American Society and its institutions, and it cant be seen as solely constructed within African-American communities. oHe claims a third problem with the standard framing of authenticity if essentialism, which seems inherent in the way questions of authenticity are normally posed.After romanticism, the idea that the self is something that one creates so that â€Å"every life should be a work of art this is his or her own greatest creation†. Authenticity in politics should not be considered essentialist or monological. ?APPHIAT supposes that TAYLOR is content with the collective identities and this might be why he is less likely to make concessions to them. SLIDE 5- SURVIVAL RUBRIC ?TAYLOR argues that pluralism in societies will require us to modify procedural liberalism.HE agr ees that we should not accept the insistence on the uniform application of rules without exception and the suspicion of collective goals. We should not accept the insistence without the suspicion. There can be legit goals that would give up proceduralism. ?APPAHIAT acknowledges Taylors discussion of collective goals in multicultural states, but moves the focus on to say that the collective goals of society shouldn’t be that the language or practice of a culture is eventually still happening, but that there should be a desire for the language and practice to be moved on from one generation to the next.EXAMPLE- Canada paying a group of unrelated people on an island in the south pacific to carry on French Canadian culture- this doesn’t meet the need. ?In addition, there needs to be a goal to respecting the autonomy of future individuals. Sometimes children resist to practices that theyre families uphold, such as arranged marriages. In this case, the ethical principles of equal dignity that underlie liberal thinking seem to be against allowing parents to maintain their personal practices because we care about the autonomy of the children. If we create a culture that our descendants will want to hold on to- our culture will survive in them. He says we have to help children make themselves, and we have to do so according to our values because children do not begin with values of their own. He also claims that we must both appeal to and transmit values more substantial that a respect for liberal procedures. oEducation is run by government institutions on purpose for creating collective goals in social reproduction. ?APPHIAT agrees with TAYLORS objections to pure proceduralsim because of social reproduction. SLIDE 6- CONCLUSION Large collective identities that call for recognition come with notions of how a proper person of that kind behaves- there isn’t one way that a group should behave, but there are modes of behavior. These notions provide loo se norms and models which play a role in shaping the life of those who make these collective identities central to their individual identities. oCollective identities provide â€Å"scripts† which are narratives that people can use in shaping their life plans and stories. oIn telling a persons story, how a person fits into the wider story of various collectivities is important.Many identities fit each individual story into a larger narrative. oToday, it is widely agreed upon that insults to collective or individual identities are seriously wrong. oEthics of authenticity requires us to express who we really are, they further demands recognition in social life. Because there is no reason to treat people of identities badly, there should be cultural work to resist the stereotypes, to challenge insults, and to lift restrictions. oIn order to construct a life with dignity, take the collective identities and construct positive life scripts instead

Father-Son Bonds in Wiesel’s Night

In his memoire, Night, one of Eliezer Wiesel’s main themes is how the relationship between fathers and sons is drastically changed over the course of imprisonment and in different ways. At the beginning of the book, new prisoners hold on to the only thing they have: their family.For some people, the only thing that gives them the will to keep living is the knowledge that their family is still alive, or the need to help their families. The most prominent family relationship in the camps (mostly because the women were exterminated immediately) is that between father and son.As the book progresses and the suffering intensifies, however, many changes are seen in this father-son bond. One of these changes, brought on by the inner struggle between self-preservation and love, is shown when the son begins to view his own father as a burden.After the mad run to Gleiwitz, in which prisoners who could not keep up were shot immediately, Rabbi Eliahu goes around inquiring of the resting pr isoners the whereabouts of his son. Eliezer tells him that he doesn’t know where his son is, but later remembers that his son had been beside him during the run.He realizes that the son had known that his father was losing ground, but did nothing about it because he knew his father’s survival would diminish the chances for his own. After this realization Elie prays, â€Å"Oh God, Master of the Universe, give me the strength never to do what Rabbi Eliahu’s son has done† (Page 91).Later on, however, while his father is dying, Elie finds himself grudgingly taking care of him, and is ashamed that he has failed what he had previously prayed to do. One day, Elie’s father begins calling out to him for water, and an officer starts beating him to keep him silent.He keeps calling out to Elie, not feeling the blows or hearing the shouts; Elie, however, remains still, fearing that the next blow will be for him if he interferes. The next morning, he finds his f ather replaced with another sick person, and he can not find it within his weak conscience to even cry over the death of his own father.Another even more severe instance of a son and his father’s bond being broken is seen on the train to Buchenwald. When a German farmer sees the train full of prisoners going by, he throws bread into the transport car, and a fight instantly breaks out among them.Elie refuses to take part in the fight, trying to retain whatever dignity he has left and to avoid getting hurt. Watching the fight take place, he sees an old man crawling out of the mob, holding something to his chest. He realizes that the man is hiding bread underneath his shirt, and the man quickly eats the bread.No sooner does he smile than someone is on top of him, dealing punches to him. The old man cries out, â€Å"Meir, my little Meir! Don’t you recognize me†¦you’re killing your father†¦I have bread†¦for you too†¦for you too† (Page 101). The person beating him is his very own son. The father is soon dead, and the son begins devouring the small crust of bread, only to be beaten by two men watching. The two bodies, father and son, lie beside Elie throughout the train ride.From the behavior of sons to their fathers shown throughout the book, one can conclude that the effect of dehumanizing circumstances on even the closest of human relationships can be so radical that one may begin to see a loved one as a burden, competition, or even a direct threat to their own safety.In some cases in the concentration camps, loved ones really were threats, but generally in extreme conditions, the bond between family members is strong enough for them to look past this and use each other as support. In such conditions as prisoners are subjected to by the Germans, where people are treated worse than animals, however, friends and family act cruelly toward each other, and it is every man for himself.One might act viciously to cope with th e brutality he is being forced into, to separate himself from a nuisance so as not to be blamed, or to make things a little more advantageous for himself, whether it be a lesser burden or a few bread crumbs.The horrible things that go on during the Holocaust force Elie into mixed feelings about his father. At times his father is his lifeline, the only thing keeping him alive, and at others, he is only a liability. His father is pulling him down, and in a place like the camps, Elie and many other sons are required to concern themselves only with their own survival.The ultimate example of this in Eliezer is his final night with his father. He recounts the scene, saying, â€Å"I didn’t move. I was afraid, my body was afraid of another blow, this time to my head† (Page 111). Elie is haunted by his own inaction for the rest of his life.As seen through many of Eliezer’s thoughts and the actions of other people toward their own fathers, the experiences in the concentra tion camps numbed all human feelings. Many died and no one cried for them; they hadn’t any tears left, and fathers and sons were no exception to this.Personal Commentary I find it unfathomable that the chilling horrors that happened during the Holocaust were so much as conceived as an idea, let alone followed through with. It really makes me think how an entire country, known for its brilliant people and its culture, could be silent while a heinous crime against an entire race of people was being committed within its borders. Millions of people were slaughtered, treated worse than animals, and forced to act lower than animals.Reading about the friends and family of people getting killed, the smell of burning flesh penetrating prisoners’ noses, the complete loss of faith from some people, and the general hatred of everyone for everyone else makes me glad that I live in the place that I do today.But I still know that the same problem that was there during the Holocaust i s still here today, and perhaps forever. Racism and other forms of hatred will never leave our society, but it is the general passivity for it that allows bad things to happen, and the Holocaust is the prime example for this.

Betrayed by My Best Friend Essay

Betrayed by my best friend, the more I thought about the title the more I decided that it was time to write about the betrayal that cost me so very dearly. She entered my life in August of 1978 with her three children, she rented the apartment on the other side of the old farm house my former husband and I had purchased. I was still young and naive then, and overly trusting. I thought she and her sons would be a blessing instead she used that friendship to betray me and my daughters. My former husband was cheating on me: I knew that much I just had no idea that he was cheating with two different women at the same time. One woman he got pregnant and married the other was my best friend or so I thought. I first became suspicious when I discovered she knew exactly where my former husband hid his cigarettes and alcohol. I ignored those clues; I just could not bring myself to believe she was having sex with my former husband. She knew we were having problems and even told me at one point she would gladly testify in the divorce trial if she were needed. I told her of coarse she was needed; I had to prove he was cheating on me and that he was continually abusive to me and my daughters. Imagine my surprise when she reneged and refused to testify. She had been dating a friend of mine and while I was visiting she was also there. She could not even look me in the eye but still being as naive as I was I pursued the subject with my friend who finally told me that she had indeed been having an affair with my former husband. I remember sitting and crying all I wanted was to know why, what had I done to deserve this? She never did answer me but my daughter recently told me what happened after I finally left. Apparently she was supposed to be cleaning the house and doing the grocery shopping since my former husband did not think that his children needed food. When the divorce trial became a reality, she not only would not testify on my behalf, she would not answer her phone. My attorney told me that if she was called to testify, she would be a hostile witness and possibly harm my case more than it was already harmed. My former husband’s attorney was the assistant District Attorney who happened to play golf with the presiding Judge. On the advice from my attorney she was not called, I lost my daughters to my former husband; he was working and had a good income. I was working at a minimum wage job, so the Judge decided that my daughters would be better off with their father. The girls were abused by their step mother; their father knew what was happening to them but ignored them. My best friend’s betrayal not only cost me my daughters, it cost me precious time with my daughters that I can never regain. I am no longer bitter where she is concerned, she is not worth it. Betrayal is the hardest thing to deal with because it involves not just friendship but trust. I sometimes wonder what happened to her after the trial, I would like to see her again one day and ask: â€Å"why did you betray me?†

Alaska Coffee Company Essay

Sure Powell was given input by his retail managers, employees and customers, but he wasn’t given any advice from people that new the company inside and out. All the people that offered him advice had no knowledge regarding the financials or other intricate facets of the company. If he had a board of directors he might be able to make more informed decisions that better serve the company as a whole. It is clear he also didn’t have a clear process for managers to go through to implement changes and or suggestions. The chain of command was vague and rarely used except by going directly to or through him. His attitude of â€Å"let it rip† is great because it gives employees freedom to thing outside the box and make them feel like they are a major part of the company but does not give any structure to them. His marketing background is most likely a key contributor to the company’s success in implementing new products and keeping customers coming back but with no real experience in running a company before this he lacked the human resource skills necessary for a company to thrive which is clear in his passive leadership role. External Environmental Analysis Some of the key external forces with company were in the beginning not really having any competition which let the company grow and lock down a loyal customer base. Also with the Alaskan environment suiting coffee drinkers because of the mild to colder weather. Staying confined in one city also helped the brand name grow through word of mouth and helped lock down business opportunities. Having a roaster facility in the city also cut down on expenses and helped keep the coffee fresh which was one of their staple trademarks to serve the freshest coffee possible. Internal Environmental Analysis Some of the key internal forces for ACC were the fact that the company was built on loyal workers who stayed in the company due to chances for promotion and growth. Along with that and Powell’s leadership style it let employees act somewhat freely and have input into a company that strived to stay away from a corporate feel. The quality of the products that they offered also helped them since they were considered to have the top of the line products some of which were considered to be the best in the world. Having a small chain of command is also beneficial to the employees because it allows them to get things done relatively quickly without having to wait for it to go through many different levels of management. With most customers saying that the coffee was addicting and the atmosphere was very pleasant it leads to a happy environment for customers and workers alike allowing for the business to strive. Another problem of the external environment is that the shops were not strategically located. The areas that they were placed in were researched to some extent but not fully like a major company like Starbucks would do to make sure they can get the most out of the market. Not only that but they didn’t own all the building or locations that they were in having leased some of the spaces with only year contracts. SWOT Analysis The opportunities to grow for the ACC seemed to be limitless since they had already successfully competed with local competition and it did not affect their bottom line to a level of concern for them until, world conglomerate Starbucks entered the scene. Once they came on scene it became clear that competition would become a threat and opportunities could and would shrink. This was and is the biggest threat to ACC since Starbucks is already a well known product that strives to give customers the â€Å"Starbucks Experience†. This is where the customer can feel comfortable getting the same service and products at any store in the world compared to ACC’s differently styled shops and styles of running the stores. This is probably of the greatest concern since most of their stores have different layouts and feels you can’t go to one ACC store and then go to another and feel like it is just like the one you already visited. One strength that ACC has is that it is a local company built on staying small and having a non corporate feel. They also strive to employee young workers in a state that is economically stricken and worried about their young adults leaving the state to live elsewhere. One weakness I believe that they have is that their merchandise can be over priced and even though started to compete with lower priced items there were no real studies done on how well the products would do. One of their major weaknesses is their human resources department and their lack of technical support. They switched to new major software with no one that could fix a problem if one occurred. Business-Level Strategy Their strategy was to find a way to keep their customers loyal while offering the best possible choices in specialty coffees and to help contribute to the great state of Alaska’s economy. Their potential for success I believe is still quite good. As long as Powell can overhaul is leadership strategy and his chain of command, I think they could become even more profitable than they already are. He needs to make a lot of changes but he has the right idea and now he just needs to build on it. Even though it may not be the Alaskan way of doing things he needs to come up with written ways and policies to go about key things in his business. The communication chain also must be improved for the business to continue to be successful. Cooperative Strategy ACC has some key alliances in place already with major retailers already selling their products in wholesale as well as, disturbing them as needed. Having an alliance with an already established local produce market has obviously been key to their early success and I would guess that those are the stores that continue to post the most profits. Since they do not have a written agreement in place I would recommend that he do so because if he were to lose those locations to say Starbucks, it could be detrimental to his business. Even though some of the major retailers already offer Starbucks products to the public, it is important that ACC stays on good terms with them so as not to lose their business since they are solely confined to Alaska any lose of a major retailer could have vastly negative effects. It is also key that stay in good relationships with the companies that they do their major business with for the same reasons as above. Options and Recommendation In order for ACC to stay in the specialty coffee market, they will need to do some drastic overhauling. Starting with Powell, he needs to establish a direct chain of command and follow through with it. He already gives managers leeway with projects but he has to help them make more informed decision so that he will not have to cancel projects. He also needs to bring in a financial analyst to help teach his managers how to budget and be more open with the financials of the business. After that he needs to revamp his human resource department and definitely bring in an IT specialist to help deal with any software issues. While he also needs to bring in people to train all the essential employees on how to use the software adequately enough that they will be able to teach new employees. I would say he then needs to have a clear line of vision of where he wants the company to go and how he wants it to get there. In order to do that I believe he needs a committee or a board of directors to help weigh in on decisions and help spark new ways and ideas of innovating and implementing strategies. It is also apparent that he needs to upgrade his facilities so that they can operate at full capacity which will also help get rid of some of the overhead he has. Then he needs to establish one way that all stores will look and future stores will be laid out. The one thing that he may not want to do because it may seem like they are going corporate but there are too many uncertainties from one store to the next. They do not have to be identical but the way things are done internally and as far as customer service goes that should be. Overall I think ACC can last and be the main Specialty Coffee supplier in Alaska he just needs to do a little overhauling.

Book fair

BOOK FAIR- 2012 WHEN E-BOOKS MEET THE MANGO PEOPLE†¦ It was a fine sunny morning when I with my bunch of my classmates went to the 18th annual Delhi book fair on 6th September 2012 at Pragati Maidan. It was  a nine-day affair featuring discussions on proliferation of e-books and interaction with authors, apart from availability of vast number of books on divergent genres. We were supposed to report for a radio show as per our curriculum and were told to reach Pragati Maidan at 10 in morning. Getting up early and witnessing the bumpy metro ride I reached Pragati Maidan at 10.30 am. All are group members waited for the respected teachers to give us the gadget. The time we waited for the teachers to come we discussed about the theme of our radio show. As soon as we got the recorder we tightened up our belts and went to hall no. 8 from where the book fair commenced. We chose children’s book as our theme for radio show and decided to take the bites of all the students and children. First of all we went to the information desk to know about the number of stalls that were based on children books and educational games. We found that out of 235 stalls 40 to 45 stalls were dedicated for the children of all ages. We also came to know that the theme of the book fair this time was e-books. We started with the school children of classes 3rd to 5th of New India Modern Public School and recorded their experience at the book fair. Also we talked to their teachers who told us about the books they preferred for their children. Then we all went to the group of school girls who came all the way from Himachal Pradesh along with their teachers to explore Book Fair 2012 as it was a part of their training program to learn English. They told us that it was their first visit to book fair and how it helps them in their training program. We also talked to the parents and children and different stall owners and recorded their aims and aspirations from the book fair this year. After we got the required bites we handed over the recorder to the other group and I went to look for different books especially the e-books. The new theme e-books influenced me a lot personally. The idea of saving trees by omitting paper for e-books was quiet paramount. I really liked the concept and especially the material that it offered. It was one of the easiest and environment friendly ways that makes reading and learning fun. I also went and saw many books by national geography and saw the epical photographs that were printed in them. Over all it was a nice educational expedition that was accompanied by fun and new learning ventures. VINAYAK VERMA SEM III-B

Child Rape in South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child Rape in South Africa - Essay Example Crime is occurring at an unprecedented rate and South Africa now boasts some of the highest rates of violent crime in the world (De Capua & Robertson 2009). Yet, one of the most pressing social issues to emerge is the sexual violence of children. Child rape is occurring at unprecedented proportions resulting not only in the trauma of children but in the increase of HIV/AIDS infections. The South African legal system is struggling to cope with the number of child rape cases and many children's rights advocates argue that the system is flawed in its handling of sexual abuse victims, in particular children. This paper seeks to examine the issues surrounding child rape in South Africa including the role of the legal system in combating this issue. Apartheid emerged in 1948 and was a legalized system of segregation separating the white Boer minority from the Black, mixed-race and Indian majority (South African Government Information 2008). It was a complex set of laws that resulted in the oppression and marginalization of all non-whites in South Africa. Apartheid was brutally enforced by the white minority and state-sponsored violence was commonly used to maintain order and suppresses social uprisings. With the end of Apartheid in 1994, this legacy of social and economic inequality has remained resulting in extremely high levels of violence of which women and children are often victims (Human Rights Watch 2001). Due to social inequality, women and girls are often the most vulnerable victims of violence, in particular, gender-based violence such as rape and sexual abuse (Human Rights Watch 2001). Apartheid was deeply entrenched in South African society and it continues to impact the political, social and economic conditions of the country. Schools, in particular, have felt the brunt of the pervasive violence that has wrecked havoc on the country and its people. According to Human Rights Watch, "the South African education system today is still scarred by the racially discriminatory policies of apartheid and in particular the system of 'Bantu Education' imposed by the National Party government" (2001). During the period of resistance, where freedom fighters waged war against the oppressive Apartheid system, "schools were often transformed into sites of political struggle and frequently become violent spaces" (Human Rights Watch 2001). Since the dismantling of Apartheid, the government has struggled to compensate for the lack of professional teachers.

Organization Change in Educational Institutions Essay - 10

Organization Change in Educational Institutions - Essay Example The concentration of the majority of service providers remains the condition of corrective support to individual clients; taking into account of the big picture, which includes system-wide deterrence and intervention, frequently does not occur (Greve 2003). Several kinds of literature associated with intended organizational change have emerged, but most are not aimed at important school practitioners such as guidance counselors, teachers, and administrators. In addition, hardly any books or articles on consultation published in the recent years include sufficient discussions of organizational consultation, in spite of the fundamental function that change at this discipline should fulfill in the educational transformation movement. The published evidence-based practice of the process is even more difficult to find. There have been a number of current developments, though, in the conceptual literature on organizational change that is more and more manifested in practice in educational institutions. For example, from the 1960s to the 1980s, organizational change embarks on largely concerned long-established organizational development frameworks in which either consultants or administrators had the primary function in developing and instigating change. Nowadays, though, such frameworks no longer seem to be as much fashionable (Harrison 1994), and a dissimilar body of components manifesting more collaborative attempts typifies effective intended-changed approaches. Further, there is a growing appreciation of the ecological perspective in which collaborative relationships between individual and small groups take place. Cases of various recent initiatives that demonstrate these developments will be discussed in this essay.

Assignmentweek5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignmentweek5 - Assignment Example The employee training that is derived from the client’s needs is useful in addressing customers concerns. Being the boss, I believe that the buck stops with me. During the training, I will tell employees that the importance of feedback mechanism is to get an opportunity to learn from our challenges and weakness with the view of offering better services to the customers. It also informs us on how we can remain competitive and easily beat our competitors (Stacey, 1996). Focus groups involves gathering of between 6-8 persons from the target market guided with a moderator and have them share their ideas, feelings and attitudes about a subject. Some of the advantages includes; cost effective when gathering primary data, easily to build on others ideas and makes it easier in getting the idea of the target market. The disadvantage is that it can only gather opinions on ideas and concepts and not how people can best use the designs. They can be used when attempting to develop something new but not sure on how people might react and also when one has no or little knowledge about the target market. They could however go wrong when an idea of a vocal person overrides other participant’s ideas besides, it can go wrong when quantitative data is required (Stacey,

New position is to develop a project portfolio management process and Essay

New position is to develop a project portfolio management process and then use this process to select projects for your Strategic Business Units portfolio - Essay Example Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is regarded as an effective set of practices that enable organizations to gain the capability of managing projects. The set of practices within the PPM ensures to make proper alignment of different required project activities and working elements in accordance with the postulated goals and objectives of the projects that undertake by a particular company (Morris & Pinto 94-112). With respect to the predetermined business goals of the company, the proposed portfolio process has been characterized into few major stages including project initiation, planning and execution along with controlling stage. The following discussion briefly discusses these key phases of the proposed PPM procedure. Project Initiation Stage. The initiation stage of the project will focus on identifying its potential scope regarding the products and/or services offered by the company to the clients (Levine 85-108). In relation to the business practices of the SBU, the activities in the initiation stage will help the company to recognize the project scope along with the objectives while expanding business to the markets of Europe and Alaska. Project Planning Stage. The planning stage of the respective project will focus on three major key areas such as scheduling activities, resource planning and cost planning associated with different operational services linked with production/selling actions of the SBU (Levine 85-108). With regards to the proposed PPM process, the activities relating to the determination of potential risks, quality related issues and different change management obstacles can help the managers of the company to formulate effective decisions. Executing and Controlling Stage. During this phase, all the processes, plans, activities and schedules are properly utilized, ensuring that the respective

International Business Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Business Law - Coursework Example ..he stands in any legal or equitable relation to the adventure or to any insurable property at risk therein, in consequence of which he may benefit by the safety or due arrival of insurable property, or may be prejudiced by its loss, or by damage thereto, or by the detention thereof, or may incur liability in respect thereof.6 Pursuant to Section 6(1) of the Marine Insurance Act, interest will attach when the insured has an interest in the â€Å"subject-matter insured at the time of the loss†.7 The interest need now exist at the time the insurance contract is formed.8 Therefore as long as the insured has an interest in the subject-matter at the time of the marine adventure, the insured is entitled to claim damages. It therefore follows that Linda has an insurable interest since the insurance contract was specifically underwritten to protect her against damages to her cargo. Since Linda’s insurance policy applies the Institute Cargo Clause A, â€Å"all risks of loss or damage to the subject-matter† is insured.9 All risks is a potentially broad phrase and can include any loss that the insured can prove was a result of an accident of an event without having to proves the particular of the accident of event resulting in the loss.10 It is sufficient for the insured to demonstrate on a balance of probabilities that the damages were a result of perils at sea that are not ordinarily experienced.11 This is important because all Cargo Clauses contain an exclusionary clause which prohibits recovery of damages in circumstances where damages are caused by ordinary perils at sea.12 Another feature of the Cargo Clause A as well as Cargo Clauses B and C is the transit clause. The transit clause covers all damages surrounding the voyage at sea which includes transfer from the warehouse, loading and all interim transport of the goods until they reach their final destination.13 Thus far, it would appear that Linda has full coverage since she adopted the Carg o Institute Clause A. However, there is one problem that might undermine, Linda’s ability to enforce the insurance contract. Clause A, like Clauses B and C contains a War Exclusion Clause and unless removed, Linda is bound by the War Exclusion Clause.14 When war clauses provide coverage in a marine insurance contract damages can be recovered for: War, civil war, insurrections, revolutions, rebellions, civil strife related to any of these situations, hostile episodes relative to a hostile authority. Capture, arrest, restraint, seizure, detention (relative to risks associated with war or categories of war) or attempts to commit any of these acts. Torpedoes, mines, bombs or other military weapons.15 Based on the facts for discussion it is uncertain whether or not Linda’s marine insurance policy specifically covers war and the incidents typically included when an exclusionary War Clause is deleted from the Institute Car